It was not only the war but the impact of modern media and the emerging industrial age of science and technology that provoked the Dada artists. Arp created abstract compositions from cutout paper shapes, which he dropped randomly onto a background and glued down where they fell.
He argued for this kind of chance abstraction as a way to rid art of any subjectivity. Duchamp found a different way to make his art impersonal—drawing like a mechanical engineer rather than an artist.
When Dadaists did choose to represent the human form, it was often mutilated or made to look manufactured or mechanical. Duchamp probably had the most success turning the tools of science into art. Born near Rouen in , he had grown up in a bourgeois family that encouraged art—two older brothers and his younger sister also became artists.
In the painting, the female nude figure seems to take on the anatomy of a machine. Two years after the show, Duchamp and Picabia, whose paintings had also sold at the Armory Show, traded Paris for Manhattan. Nevertheless, Richard Huelsen beck also flavored the meetings with continuous drumbeats.
After the war was over, it was again free to travel to most parts of the continent and the Dada members distributed to different parts of Europe. Berlin and Paris were the major strong holds of the movement as most members left Switzerland and regrouped there. Richard Huelsen beck was recorded to have grouped with a team of writers and artists who adapted the name and the legacy of Dada.
During this time, there were a turn of events such as the collapse of the German Empire that sent the society into a state of disorder. This led the Dada movement to take a political stage. They were involved in disruptive activities across Berlin including the violent disruption of the services held at the Berlin cathedral, distribution of flyers or leaflets with manifestos, as well as demonstrations at the National Assembly at Weimar.
Other activities included theater and Cabaret performances, exhibitions, lecture tours, among others. Apart from Berlin, other parts of Germany such as Cologne and Hanover were also filled with Dada activities. However, they were strict and harsh on the social and moral aesthetics. They performed various activities such as distributing printed material, depicting the grotesque and the rest.
However, their major performance was in May where an event was suspected to show case pornographic exhibition. In Paris, the movement under the leadership of Tristan Tzara also distributed their literature reviews and pamphlets published from Hans Arp also known as Jean Arp was a German-French artist who incorporated chance, randomness, and organic forms into his sculptures, paintings, and collages.
Raoul Hausmann. Hans Bellmer. Hans Bellmer was a twentieth-century German avant-garde photographer and draughtsman, commonly associated with the Surrealism movement. Bellmer is best known for creating a series of pubescent female dolls in the s, which were designed as a direct criticism of Nazi-controlled Germany and its idealization of the perfect human form. Tristan Tzara. Tristan Tzara was a Romanian and French poet, playwright, and avant-garde performer who played a key role in the development and founding of Dada.
A proponent of pure automatic techniques, he had an at-times contentious relationship with the Surrealism's direction in Paris. Marcel Janco. Marcel Janco was a Romanian and Israeli visual artist, architect, and art theorist. He was the co-founder of Dada and a proponent of Constructivism in Western Europe, and his work was widely regarded as avant-garde and innovative.
Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven. Baroness Elsa von Freytag-Loringhoven, the provocateur and essential catalyst for New York Dada movement, upended notions of what was considered art. Hugo Ball. Hugo Ball was a German-born author, poet and artist who is credited with leading the Dada movement in Zurich. In , Ball penned the first Dada Manifesto, and claimed that he coined the term 'Dada' by randomly choosing the word from the dictionary.
Max Ernst. Max Ernst was a German Dadaist and Surrealist whose paintings and collages combine dream-like realism, automatic techniques, and eerie subject matter. Kurt Schwitters. Kurt Schwitters was a German artist who was particularly influential in the development of Dada movement and his own offshoot of Dada that he called Merz.
Schwitters was heavily involved in the international avant-garde, with artists like El Lissitzky, Hans Arp, and Tristan Tzara. Claude Cahun. Cahun's photographs are renowned for blurring the lines between gender and sexuality, as illustrated in her Surrealist-inspired and non-gender specific photomontages and self-portraits.
Dada and Surrealist Photography. While the guns rumbled in the distance, we sang, painted, made collages and wrote poems with all our might. In addition to being anti-war, dada was also anti-bourgeois and had political affinities with the radical left. The founder of dada was a writer, Hugo Ball. Dada, Dada, Dada, Dada. Dada became an international movement and eventually formed the basis of surrealism in Paris after the war.
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