A code is a set of rules that serve as generally accepted guidelines recommended for the industry to follow. They exist for the purpose of safety, quality or other benefit.
For example, electrical codes exist to ensure system reliability and that building occupants are safe from shock risks. On its own, a code is not a law that must be followed, but can be adopted into a law or included in a business contract.
Each code specifies the minimum acceptable requirements for an electrical process or for the performance of the final system itself. Codes may incorporate or refer to existing standards or specifications which are discussed below. A code on its own does not need to be followed, but compliance is often a best practice. The intent of a code is for it to apply widely across an industry, making it easy to be adopted and customized by local jurisdictions. Codes that have been adopted by a city, state or country must then be followed.
Local jurisdictions may diligently review a code to ensure it is acceptable and applicable to the area, and it may take years for a jurisdiction to adopt a code. In the U. The NEC lays out required practices for all aspects of residential and commercial electrical installation. Every three years the NEC is revised in , most recently , but because local jurisdictions have the final say on whether each edition is law, adoption can be slow.
Within each state or city, individual code guidelines may be adjusted. A code tells you what you need to do, and a standard tells you how to do it.
While a code provides requirements for the products e. The how-to nature of a standard:. This standard, which applies to industrial and commercial power systems, introduces basic grounding theory and goes on to provide the in-depth information needed to help develop effective grounding systems.
Most of this standard details required safety procedures, with the goal of keeping electrical workers safe from the hazards of shock, electrocution, arc flash and arc blast. Unlike a code or standard, which can apply broadly to an industry and region, specifications outline the requirements of a specific company or product. A specification provides specific requirements for the materials, components or services used in an application.
General recommendations state what can or should be done to meet the binding regulations that must be met. Binding regulations are Acts, Ordinances and mandatory provisions. There is a kind of law that needs to be mentioned separately: fundamental laws. These fundamental laws stand above all other laws, which means that other laws may not conflict with the content of fundamental laws. Sweden's laws Acts are adopted by the Riksdag Parliament and constitute the foundation of Swedish legislation.
It is possible for Acts to contain provisions allowing the Government, or the agency determined by the Government, to issue mandatory provisions authorisation. When Ordinances and mandatory provisions are drafted, they must keep within the stipulations of their Acts. That is, Ordinances and mandatory provisions provide a more precise clarification of what is laid down in the Acts. Certain kinds of provisions do not need to be regulated through an Act.
Instead, the level of Ordinance is sufficient for this purpose. This is often the case with grants handled by Boverket. But it is common for Ordinances to clarify and specify what is laid down in Acts. In order for the Government to draft an Ordinance in an area that is regulated through an Act, the Riksdag must give the Government an authorisation to draft more detailed regulations.
The guidance provided in Acts and Ordinances is not always sufficient, and there might be a need for even more detailed regulations. In such cases, mandatory provisions are drafted.
It is government agencies that draft mandatory provisions. In order for a government agency to draft mandatory provisions, the Ordinance must contain an authorisation. A general recommendation states how someone can or should go about meeting a binding regulation in an Act, Ordinance or mandatory provision.
A general recommendation may be seen as a toolbox presenting a method or solution.
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