While it does not have voting rights as other members of the UN, it has been able to provide recommendations and influence some of the decisions made by the UN. During a meeting of the League of Nations in , member nations tabled a motion that suggested the inclusion of the Holy See to the league. However, due to an ongoing territorial dispute with Italy, the Holy See did not join even after receiving an official invitation from the British.
In , the Holy See made some preliminary inquiries into the possibility of joining the UN. The request was denied by the US Secretary of State at that time. In his response, the secretary argued that the state was small and thus unable to fulfill all the requirements of being a member. However, the Holy See would be allowed to participate in the activities of the UN. The secretary also made the mistake of confusing the Vatican City State and the Holy See, which are two different entities.
In this role, the Holy See has the permission to attend and observe all General Assembly Meetings as well as maintain a permanent observer mission in New York where the UN is headquartered. Since it was given the observer status, the Holy See has sent a representative to all the open sessions of the General Assembly. A courtesy was extended to the Holy See that allowed it to make formal statements concerning policy as well as granting a few popes the opportunity to address the General Assembly.
The Holy See, known as Vatican City , is the only independent nation to choose not to be a member of the United Nations despite being an independent state since The Holy See does not get to cast a vote in the General Assembly, mostly because the Pope prefers not to directly affect international policy. The Holy See, however, has access to all parts of the United Nations. Palestine is also a permanent observer of the United Nations because of the Israeli-Palestine conflict and its subsequent fight for independence.
The UN will not allow Palestine to become a member until its conflict with Israel is resolved peacefully, preferably under a two-state resolution or pact. Should Israel and Palestine peacefully come to an agreement, then the United Nations would accept Palestine as a member state as long as the other members vote in favor during General Assembly. The acknowledgement of Kosovo creates a challenge for certain countries that are afraid to legitimize those issues as they have important separatist movements on their own territories.
It is the case for Spain with its Basque and Catalan regions. Credits Herji. Kosovo is still not a UN member State because two of its permanent members, China and Russia, used their veto right and declared the independence of this region illegal.
Kosovo seems to wish to connect with Albania though and not to become a sovereign state. After the independence of Montenegro, Kosovo would be a second substantial territorial loss for Serbia. That is what makes negotiations so complicated. These are secessionist regions of Georgia.
To smother it, the soviet government encouraged separatists of certain regions to rebel against their governments. This support has played inhabitants against one another. This latter also aimed at placing the soviet forces as arbitrators. South Ossetia and Abkhazia are heirs of this policy. South Ossetia, autonomous oblast under the Soviet Union, saw its autonomy being revoked by Georgia when the USSR fell, considering Ossetians as a minority and their autonomy illegitimate.
An armed conflict broke out in between the Georgian army and Ossetian militias; the latter being supported by North Ossetia and Russia. This conflict ended in thanks to a peace treaty signed between Georgia and Russia, as well as by the signature of the declaration of independence of south Ossetia the same year. How does a new State or Government obtain recognition by the United Nations?
The procedure is briefly as follows: The State submits an application to the Secretary-General and a letter formally stating that it accepts the obligations under the Charter. The Security Council considers the application. Any recommendation for admission must receive the affirmative votes of 9 of the 15 members of the Council, provided that none of its five permanent members — China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America — have voted against the application.
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