But ventricular tachycardia lasting more than 30 seconds may cause more severe symptoms:. Fainting syncope. Radiofrequency ablation : a minimally invasive procedure to destroy the cells that cause ventricular tachycardia; less effective when there is structural heart disease. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator ICD : an implanted device that delivers an electrical pulse to the heart to reset a dangerously irregular heartbeat. Medication : A number of antiarrhythmic medications are used to prevent ventricular tachycardia.
These include:. Health Home Conditions and Diseases. What causes ventricular tachycardia? Structural Heart Disease Ventricular tachycardia most often occurs when the heart muscle has been damaged and scar tissue creates abnormal electrical pathways in the ventricles. Always have patient attached to defibrillator when giving adenosine in this clinical scenario. Do not give adenosine to unstable patients or those with irregular or regular polymorphic wide complex tachycardias.
In these scenarios adenosine could lead to Vfib. Biphasic defibrillation use to joules; it is acceptable to use maximum dose if unsure, For monophasic defibrillators use joules. After defibrillation continue CPR for 2 minutes before checking pulse. If no return to circulation, defibrillate again and check pulse in 2 minutes. The dose of amiodarone will be mg IV. Once return to circulation occurs, treat hypoxia, hypotension, electrolytes; early diagnosis and treatment of ST-segment myocardial infarction; and therapeutic hypothermia for comatose survivors.
Vtach with unstable patient: Proceed with synchronized cardioversion joules monophasic or biphasic if monomorphic. If irregular wide complex, polymorphic or torsades de pointes, defibrillate like Vfib. Vtach that is monomorphic with stable patient: Treat with procainamide, amiodarone or sotalol doses in next section.
Verapamil is contraindicated for wide complex tachycardia unless known to be supraventricular in origin. If drug therapy fails, elective cardioversion is an option. Consider seeking expert consultation; burst overdrive pacing of the right ventricle may be an option for therapy. Vtach that is polymorphic requires defibrillation as described above. Polymorphic Vtach with a prolonged QT can be treated with magnesium mg over 15 minutes. Correct electrolyte imbalance; consider drug overdose, tricyclic antidepressants, or congenital prolonged QT syndrome.
If QT is not prolonged, then myocardial ischemia is the likely culprit. IV amiodarone and beta blockers may reduce the frequency of recurrence. Consult cardiology for possible need of coronary intervention.
If there is any doubt whether rhythm is monomorphic or polymorphic in an unstable patient, do not delay shock delivery; provide high-energy unsynchronized shocks as for Vfib. Adenosine may be used as a diagnostic maneuver in stable monomorphic wide complex tachycardia in a dose of 6 mg IV fast push, may repeat with 12 mg.
Side effects are hypotension, bronchospasm, chest discomfort the drug will cause a temporary pause. Side effects are bradycardia, hypotension, torsades de pointes. Amiodarone can be used in refractory Vfib, hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach, or polymorphic Vtach with normal QT interval. Dose for Vfib is mg IV, second dose mg. For Vtach the dose is mg IV and repeat if necessary.
Side effects are bradycardia, hypotension and phlebitis. Sotalol can be used in hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach. Dose is 1. Lidocaine can used for hemodynamically stable monomorphic Vtach. Initial dose is Side effects are slurred speech, altered levels of consciousness, seizures and bradycardia.
Magnesium can be used for polymorphic Vtach associated with QT prolongation, also called torsades de pointes. Dose is mg IV over 15 minutes. Side effects are hypotension, CNS toxicity, respiratory depression.
Follow levels and watch closely with concomitant renal dysfunction. Vtach response to therapy depends on underlying etiology. Key to treatment past antiarrhythmics and electricity will be identifying possible causes defined in pathophysiology section. User assumes all risk of use, damage, or injury. You agree that we have no liability for any damages. Ventricular Tachycardia vtach : Overview Ventricular Tachycardia is a medical condition wherein the electrical impulses produced in the SA node are substituted by an ectopic pacemaker.
Ventricular Fibrillation vfib : Overview Vfib is the most serious arrhythmia and is an uncontrolled, irregular heartbeat. Difference between Ventricular Tachycardia and Ventricular Fibrillation Definition Ventricular Tachycardia vtach Ventricular Tachycardia is a medical condition which is associated with the hearts irregular electrical impulses. Ventricular Fibrillation vfib Ventricular fibrillation VFib is a medical condition in which the heart beats in an abnormal rhythm.
Causes Ventricular Tachycardia vtach The exact factor causing ventricular tachycardia is actually unknown. Some medical conditions that trigger ventricular tachycardia include: Cardiomyopathy — chronic disease of the heart muscle. Structural heart disorder cardiac defects which are congenital in nature that results due to previous heart attack. Ischemic heart condition that results because of interrupted flow of blood to the heart. These are: Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia Ventricular Fibrillation vfib Certain causes of vfib include: Heart failure Coronary artery disorder Shock Aortic dissection Cardiomyopathies Aortic stenosis Myocarditis Electrical shock injury caused by electric current Sepsis severe body infection Drowning LQTS ventricular myocardial repolarization.
Medical drugs that impact electric currents in the heart such as Na or K channel blockers. Brugada syndrome ECG abnormality resulting in sudden death in patients with structurally normal hearts Risk factors Ventricular Tachycardia vtach Any medical disorder that induces strain or any kind of pressure on the heart cells or damages heart linings can increase the risk of ventricular tachycardia.
Improved lifestyle patterns or medical treatment can alleviate the risks associated with the below mentioned factors: Heart disorders for example, previous heart attack, inflammatory disorders of heart or some birth defects in heart and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy a condition wherein a portion of the heart becomes quite thick without any obvious cause Intake of recreational drugs psychoactive drugs consumed to induce a modified consciousness for pleasure Extreme electrolyte deformities Side effects of certain medical drugs Other risk factors: In case, an individual has a family history of vtach or some other heart issues, he is at a higher risk of ventricular tachycardia.
Ventricular Fibrillation vfib Characteristics that may escalate your risk of ventricular fibrillation include: A prior event of ventricular fibrillation Already suffered heart attack Malfunctioning of heart since birth congenital heart disease Cardiomyopathy disease of heart muscle Damage to heart cells because of electrocution Intake of illegal drugs, like cocaine and methamphetamine Notable electrolyte deformities, like with K or Mg Treatment Ventricular Tachycardia vtach Treatment for Ventricular Tachycardia include: Vagal maneuvers Cardioversion Radio-frequency catheter ablation Anti-arrhythmic drugs Medications: Antiarrhythmic agent Beta blocker Blood pressure support Ventricular Fibrillation vfib Treatment for Ventricular Fibrillation include: cardiopulmonary resuscitation — CPR and shocks to the heart with a medical instrument called an automated external defibrillator AED Arrhythmia medications Defibrillation.
Coronary angioplasty and stent placement. Tach and V. She has around 35 national and international publications to her credit. Latest posts by Dr. Amita Fotedar -Dr see all.
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